Manejo anestésico de la cirugía de implante de marcapasos diafragmático. Experiencia en el Institut Guttmann / Anesthetic management of the diaphragmatic pacemaker placement surgery. Our experience in the Institut Guttmann

INTRODUCCIÓN: El marcapasos diafragmático (MD) ha demostrado su utilidad en la sustitución de la ventilación mecánica en pacientes afectos de lesiones medulares crónicas (LMC) y esclerosis lateral amiotrófica (ELA), mejorando la calidad de vida y reduciendo la morbimortalidad y los costes sanitarios asociados. El manejo anestésico de dichos pacientes y las particularidades del procedimiento quirúrgico suponen un reto anestésico. El objetivo de nuestro estudio es el análisis del manejo y las complicaciones intraoperatorias de los pacientes sometidos a MD en nuestra institución. METODOLOGÍA: Se trata de una revisión retrospectiva entre diciembre de 2007 y julio de 2018. Se recogieron datos sobre el estado previo del paciente, el manejo anestésico y las complicaciones intraoperatorias. RESULTADOS: Se incluyen 16 pacientes (5 pediátricos) con indicación de MD por LMC (63%), ELA (25%) y otras enfermedades neurológicas (12%). Se requirió anestesia general para la laparoscopia abdominal utilizando inducción intravenosa (87%) o inhalatoria (13%) y anestesia total intravenosa (50%) o balanceada (50%) para el mantenimiento anestésico. En un caso se administró rocuronio para un óptimo manejo de la vía aérea. Las complicaciones registradas incluyeron: hipotensión arterial (50%), dificultades en la ventilación mecánica durante la laparoscopia (31%), pneumotárax (12,5%) y disreflexia autonómica (6%). CONCLUSIONES: La colocación de MD bajo anestesia general es una intervención segura, tanto en el paciente adulto como en el pediátrico, en la que pueden aparecer complicaciones derivadas tanto de la enfermedad de base como de la técnica quirúrgica, siendo necesaria una rápida identificación y tratamiento de las mismas para el buen desarrollo del procedimiento

BACKGROUND: The diaphragm pacemaker (DP) has proven its utility in replacing mechanical ventilation in patients with chronic spinal cord injury (SCI) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). The DP improves patient quality of life and reduces morbidity and mortality and their associated health care costs. The anesthetic management of these patients and the particularities of the surgical procedure are challenging. The aim of our study is to analyze anesthetic management and intraoperative complications in patients undergoing DP placement in our hospital. METHODS: We performed a chart review of patients treated between December 2007 and July 2017, recording the patients' preoperative status, anesthetic management and intraoperative complications. RESULTS: The study included 16 patients (5 pediatric) undergoing DP implantation for chronic SCI (63%), ALS (25%) and other neurologic conditions (12%). Abdominal laparoscopy was performed under general anesthesia, with intravenous (87%) or inhalational (13%) induction and maintenance using total intravenous (50%) or balanced (50%) anesthesia. Rocuronium was administered in one case to permit airway management. Complications included: hypotension (50%), difficulties in mechanical ventilation during laparoscopy (31%), pneumothorax (12.5%) and autonomic dysreflexia (6%). CONCLUSIONS: DP placement under general anesthesia is a safe intervention in both adult and pediatric patients. Complications derived from both the underlying disease and the surgical technique may appear, and must be rapidly identified and treated to obtain a satisfactory surgical outcome

Anesthetic management of the diaphragmatic pacemaker placement surgery. Our experience in the Institut Guttmann. / Manejo anestésico de la cirugía de implante de marcapasos diafragmático. Experiencia en el Institut Guttmann.

BACKGROUND: The diaphragm pacemaker (DP) has proven its utility in replacing mechanical ventilation in patients with chronic spinal cord injury (SCI) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). The DP improves patient quality of life and reduces morbidity and mortality and their associated health care costs. The anesthetic management of these patients and the particularities of the surgical procedure are challenging. The aim of our study is to analyze anesthetic management and intraoperative complications in patients undergoing DP placement in our hospital. METHODS: We performed a chart review of patients treated between December 2007 and July 2017, recording the patients' preoperative status, anesthetic management and intraoperative complications. RESULTS: The study included 16 patients (5 pediatric) undergoing DP implantation for chronic SCI (63%), ALS (25%) and other neurologic conditions (12%). Abdominal laparoscopy was performed under general anesthesia, with intravenous (87%) or inhalational (13%) induction and maintenance using total intravenous (50%) or balanced (50%) anesthesia. Rocuronium was administered in one case to permit airway management. Complications included: hypotension (50%), difficulties in mechanical ventilation during laparoscopy (31%), pneumothorax (12.5%) and autonomic dysreflexia (6%). CONCLUSIONS: DP placement under general anesthesia is a safe intervention in both adult and pediatric patients. Complications derived from both the underlying disease and the surgical technique may appear, and must be rapidly identified and treated to obtain a satisfactory surgical outcome.

[Parainfectious transverse myelitis in an adolescent. Difficulties in the etiological diagnosis]. / Mielitis transversa parainfecciosa en un adolescente. Dificultades para el diagnóstico etiológico.

A diagnostic process in a 13 year-old boy with a parainfectious transverse myelitis is described. Its onset was acute, with L1-location level of lesion. After a mild improvement, a relapse happened 26 days later, with a D6 level and without subsequent recovery. It has not been found criteria for diagnosis of multiple sclerosis, nor data suggesting a vascular or ischaemic anomaly. Likewise, other causes and specific infections were rejected, being cataloguet as parainfectious etiology, due a previous viral infection before its onset.